Research by an academic in the Education Faculty has placed the issue of teacher appointments and promotions in South African schools back in the spotlight and has generated much media attention. The research by Dr Amy Padayachee recently received widespread attention after her article titled “Are South African teaching posts up for sale? School staff say an old problem hasn’t gone away”, was published by The Conversation Africa.
She has since been interviewed on several national and regional radio platforms, including 702 Drive with John Perlman, Early Breakfast with Africa Melane on 702 and CapeTalk, and POWER Perspective on POWER 98.7.
Padayachee said the NRF-funded research was prompted by continuing concerns about how educators are appointed and promoted in South African public schools.
“At its core, I wanted to understand how appointment and promotion processes operate in practice, rather than only how they are intended to operate in policy. More specifically, the study examined the roles and influence of school governing bodies (SGBs), teacher unions and school leadership in these processes; how policies governing appointments and promotions are interpreted and enacted at the school level; and the extent to which educators perceive these processes as fair, transparent and accountable.
“An important part of the study was also to understand where formal policy and practice may diverge, and what factors contribute to this.”
She said one of the strongest findings was that the concerns raised about educator appointments and promotions cannot be reduced to a single stakeholder or a single form of misconduct. The findings point to a combination of structural and relational factors that can make appointment processes vulnerable to inappropriate influence.
“Participants reported experiences and perceptions regarding bribery, nepotism, cadre deployment, personal relationships, organisational affiliations, and other forms of informal influence. The research also identified power imbalances within selection processes, instances of principal dominance, varying levels of SGB capacity, and concerns about the influence of some union representatives.”
“At the same time, the findings should not be interpreted as suggesting that SGB or teacher-union participation is inherently problematic. Both have legitimate and important roles within South Africa's education system. The concern arises when formal roles become blurred, when particular individuals exercise influence beyond their prescribed responsibilities, or when governance structures lack sufficient capacity to fulfil their responsibilities independently.”
Padayachee said the persistence of some of the concerns was particularly striking.
“In 2016, the Ministerial Task Team, chaired by Prof John Volmink, reported on allegations surrounding the selling of educator posts and identified weaknesses in appointment processes. A decade later, similar concerns continue to emerge in both the research and in publicly reported cases.”
“I was also struck by how often the problem is not about obvious or easily identifiable acts of corruption. Sometimes influence operates through relationships, organisational loyalties, unequal power, control over information or the ability of stronger personalities to dominate a process. These forms of influence can be much more difficult to identify and regulate.”
Asked about the potential consequences for schools and learners when appointment or promotion processes are unfair, Padayachee said the consequences extend far beyond the individual who does or does not receive a post.
“Appointments and promotions determine who teaches learners, who leads departments and who ultimately leads schools. When confidence in these processes is weakened, the consequences can include declining staff morale, mistrust between colleagues, damaged relationships between schools and communities, and reduced confidence in institutional leadership.”
There is also a longer-term concern.
“If the most suitable candidates are not appointed through processes that appropriately consider competence, experience, equity, redress and representivity, schools may lose capable teachers and potential leaders. Leadership decisions influence school culture, staff development, teaching and learning, and ultimately the educational environment experienced by learners.”
She said the key message was that the integrity of the process matters.
“South Africa already has policies and legislation regulating educator appointments and promotions. The challenge is ensuring that these are consistently and fairly implemented in practice.
“It is also important not to frame the issue as a simple conflict between SGBs and teacher unions. SGBs, unions, principals and education departments all have legitimate roles within the education system.”
Asked what changes needed to be made to make educator appointment and promotion processes fairer, more transparent and more accountable, Padayachee said stronger implementation and monitoring of existing policies, alongside more consistent support for the people responsible for implementing them was required.
“Ultimately, accountability needs to operate throughout the process. Where procedures are deliberately manipulated or improper influence is established, there must be meaningful consequences.”
She said she had not anticipated the level of media interest the research attracted.
“The response has, however, demonstrated that the issue resonates far beyond academic discussions. Educator appointments affect teachers, parents, school communities and learners, and there is clearly considerable public interest in how these decisions are made.
“The media engagement has also reinforced for me the importance of academics communicating their research beyond journal articles and conferences. Academic publication remains essential, but research on public institutions and public policy should also be communicated in ways accessible to the people affected by those systems.”
Padayachee joined CPUT in 2023 and is a lecturer in the Foundation and Intermediate Phase Departments in the Faculty of Education at the Mowbray Campus. Her teaching and research interests include education management and leadership, school governance, education policy and teacher education.
Written by Ilse Fredericks
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